Rose is an unusually beautiful and delicate flower from the Rosehip family. There are more than 250 species and more than 200,000 varieties of this plant. Roses are very popular among gardeners and florists due to the combination of incredible beauty with easy cultivation. All cultivated types of roses are divided into garden and park. Among garden roses, bush roses, hybrid tea, climbing and polyanthus roses, floriunda and gandiflora, miniature roses and groundcover are more popular. This article will tell you in detail how to plant bush roses correctly, how to grow and care for them in the open field.
Description of bush rose
Shrub roses can have a bush from a narrow pyramidal to a spreading shape. The height of the shrub depends on the species. One can be from twenty-five centimeters to three meters, and sometimes even higher. The bushes have main branches and young shoots. The leaves of the plant are odd-pinnate, ovoid or elliptical in shape. The edge is serrate; there are two more leaf-like stipules. Flowers can be of various shapes and colors, rather large. The flower stalk can grow from 10 cm to 80 cm. The name of the rose also depends on the shape of the flower. For example, pion-shaped, cone-shaped, cupped, pom-shaped, flat, spherical, saucer-shaped and others. As for the colors of spray roses, they can be of various shades and combinations of absolutely all colors, except for bright blue. Roses with flowers of this color have not yet been bred. There are also roses, the color of which changes throughout the season. In addition to their varied shapes and colors, roses have incredible scents.
Features of growing bush roses
No wonder the rose is called the queen of flowers, because it requires proper treatment. In order to grow a lush and healthy bush, you need to know what conditions and care the plant prefers.
Advantages and features of the rose:
- Shrub roses are quite cold-resistant, but still need shelter for the period of winter cold. Covering them is not easy, since the bush is large enough.
- Roses are not as capricious as they seem to be dressed. But they need mandatory annual sanitary and formative pruning.
- In autumn, it is necessary to prune spray roses that bloom again.
- Shrub roses have thorns.
- With the help of spray roses, you can decorate the garden and make an original landscape design. Lush bushes look incredibly beautiful both in combination with other flowers and on their own.
Planting roses in open ground
The right time for planting roses is considered from the first decade of September to the middle of the next month. It is also better to buy seedlings of bush roses in autumn, as in the spring they sell seedlings that were dug out last fall, but not sold out. Such seedlings are weaker, as they have undergone great stress during the winter period, they take root worse and do not bush well.During the purchase, you must carefully examine the seedlings and choose healthy and stronger ones.
You need to plant a bush rose in a well-lit area, where there is partial shade at noon. Groundwater should not be too close, it is better to choose a planting site on a small hill and definitely not where roses have already grown for a long time. The soil for planting roses should be fertile, drained and acidic. If we take into account all the preferences of a bush rose, then it will bloom profusely and for a long time.
Before planting, it is necessary to cut off the roots of the seedling, remove the dry ones and shorten the stems to 25 cm. Then lower the seedling into water for several hours. The pit for planting a seedling should be slightly larger than the root system of the plant, along with an earthen clod. The soil at the bottom of the pit must be loosened, and the soil dug out of it must be mixed with compost and wood ash, this will significantly increase the level of its fertility. Then it is necessary to put the seedling in the prepared hole and gradually cover it with fertile soil, periodically crushing it. Then the rose should be well spud and grooves should be made around the bush so that water does not leak out when watering. Watering will need to be done a couple of days after planting. The distance between rows and bushes should be at least 1.5 meters.
Caring for roses in the garden
For the first year after planting, the bindweed should pinch the tips of the shoots, as well as the buds that form in early summer. This will allow the plant to gain more strength and power with a healthy and strong bush. In the middle of summer, it will be necessary to remove only after they have formed. Then the bush rose will grow very strong and rather unpretentious. Caring for a rose is not so difficult, it is enough to regularly water and prune, remove weeds and loosen the soil, make the necessary fertilizing.
Watering
For the first year after planting, the bushes must be watered once every two days. Then watering should be cut back and the plant should only be watered as needed when the soil is dry. Watering should be moderate but plentiful. Water for irrigation should not be cold. Watering must be done carefully so as not to knock the roots out of the soil. After flowering ends, watering must be stopped. It is better to water roses in the morning or in the evening before the onset of heat.
Top dressing and fertilizers
After planting, the first year you do not need to fertilize. But from the second, it is imperative to do this. You need to feed spray roses four times per season. In the spring; during the formation of buds; after the end of the flowering period; before lignification. After spring pruning, add ammonium sulfate (20 g). After 2 weeks, the application of this fertilizer must be repeated. When the buds are tied, you need to feed the rose with ammonium nitrate and superphosphate (30 g each) and potassium salt (10 g). After the end of the flowering period, rose bushes need to be fed with a balanced complex of mineral fertilizers for flowering garden plants. Roses can be fertilized with both mineral fertilizers and organic matter. Wood ash, slurry and chicken droppings are excellent organic fertilizers.
Transfer
Roses can be transplanted in spring and autumn. But best of all, the bushes tolerate the April transplant. Before transplanting, it is necessary to cut off all branches by twenty centimeters, remove dry and damaged shoots, as well as all leaves. Then you need to dig out the rose along with the earthy lump, taking into account the peculiarities of its root system. The bush transplant hole must be watered abundantly. I transplant a rose in the same way as the planting of seedlings is carried out.
Pruning spray roses
The hardest part of getting away is pruning the bushes. Pruning is necessary in the spring, summer and autumn. In the spring, you need to carry out formative pruning and remove excess and damaged branches. In summer, it is necessary to carry out sanitary pruning and remove dried buds and thin them out a little.In autumn, you need to cut out all dry and damaged branches that interfere with the proper growth and development of the bush.
You need to prune roses before the buds begin to swell. It is necessary to remove all dry and damaged branches, as well as those that grow in the wrong direction and interfere with the growth of the plant. Also, during pruning, you need to form the shape of the crown. Pruning should only be done with sharp and sterilized instruments. This will prevent various bacteria from entering the bush, which can provoke a variety of diseases. After trimming, the cuts must be treated with garden varnish.
Shrub roses after flowering
When the flowering period is over, it is necessary to gradually stop watering the bush. At the end of summer, you need to feed the plant with fertilizer high in phosphorus and potassium. It is best to remove young shoots, since they are unlikely to have time to get stronger before the onset of frost. It is necessary to regularly remove the weeds around the plant and loosen the soil. In the second decade of September, the bush must be spud with a prepared mixture of fertile soil, sand and peat. The covered area should be covered with plastic wrap.
Preparing for winter
All damaged, dry and excess branches must be removed, and the cuts must be treated with garden varnish. It is imperative to remove the leaves from the branches and burn them outside the territory of the site. In order to prevent pests from hibernating in the soil and on the plant, it is necessary to treat it with a solution of Bordeaux liquid. With the onset of the first frost, roses should be covered with dry foliage of healthy plants or spruce branches. Poisoning for rodents should be spread out next to the bush so that they do not damage the plant in winter. A large amount of snow should be poured onto spruce branches or dry leaves, this will allow roses to better endure winter frosts.
Diseases and pests
Due to the wrongly chosen place for planting a rose and improper care of it, the bushes can infect such diseases as powdery mildew, pernonosporosis, black spot, rust and chlorosis. Fungal diseases can be cured by spraying the bush with special preparations. But with chlorosis, you need to fight with the introduction of missing fertilizers, since this disease occurs due to a lack of nutrients and trace elements.
Shrub roses affect both sucking and gnawing pests. Suckers include: whitefly, aphids, ticks, scale insects, leafhoppers. Gnawers include: beetles, sawfly larvae and caterpillars. Due to the attacks of these harmful insects, the bush loses its decorative effect, becomes weak, the flowering duration and abundance decrease. In order to get rid of these pests, it is necessary to treat the plants with special preparations. Also, for prevention, you need to spray the bushes with a solution of Actellik or Karbofos. After the autumn pruning, it is necessary to collect all the trimmed parts of the bush and leaves and remove from the garden.
