Burnet (Sanguisorba) is a member of the herbaceous plant forms of the Rosaceae family. The flower stands out against the background of traditional natural greenery with bright dark green shoots with openwork foliage and attractive pinkish inflorescences in the form of fur seals or spikelets. The origin of the name refers to one of the main properties of the plant, namely the ability to restrain bleeding.
In official sources, the burnet is called "sangvisorba". It grows in temperate climatic latitudes in Eurasia and North American countries. Burnet thickets rapidly fill the space around and concentrate on forest edges or in the coastal zone. Sometimes plantings of perennials are found at the foot of the Caucasian mountains.
Burnet: plant description
Burnet is prized for its decorative effect. The plant receives its nutrients from a brownish, cracked rhizome, which deepens by 12 cm and is placed horizontally or diagonally underground. The powerful root is surrounded by fibrous ligneous layers.
Shoots branch weakly and reach a height of up to 1.5 m. On the surface of the shoots, unpaired petiole leaves grow. Most of the foliage gathers at the bottom of the plant and forms a lush rosette. All other leaves are arranged in sequential order. They look small and have a rich green hue. The plates are marked with a relief pattern of a mesh of veins. The edges of the leaflets are crenate.
Flowering lasts several months and falls in the summer months, sometimes affecting the beginning of September. Flowers of a reddish or pinkish tone are closely pressed together and are located on the top of the peduncle, protruding in the form of a capitate, often spike-shaped inflorescence. The absence of petals is compensated by bracts and stamens. In the center of the spikelet there is a pistil, shaped like a mace and surrounded by an ovary below.
When the pollination process is over, the fruits ripen. These are small, single-seeded pear-shaped nuts that are smooth to the touch. Fruit color is light brown.
Burnet planting
Sangvisorba is successfully cultivated with seed and root cuttings. Burnet planting is allowed to be carried out directly into the ground, bypassing the seedling stage of cultivation. Winter sowing is encouraged. The site must have properties of fertility and air permeability. The holes are dug shallow. From above, the seeds are sprinkled with a thin layer of peat.
With the arrival of spring, the first shoots are expected to appear. Weeds, like spring frosts, are harmless to seedlings. In autumn, the already matured young burnet plants are transplanted together with an earthen clod to a new place. It is recommended to maintain a distance of at least 50 cm between individual bushes.Flowering brushes are formed together with peduncles only in biennial plants.
Burnet shrubs that have been growing in the garden for a long time are distinguished by a strong branched rhizome. Delenki are obtained from it, which can be used as planting material. Burnet root is removed from the soil very carefully. Then, with a sharp knife, they are divided into parts, leaving a growth point at each. The cut borders are rubbed with crushed ash so that infection does not start.
Burnet care
Burnet care is simple, cultivated species survive even under adverse conditions. The plant is able to make healthy competition for any weeds and flowers that are unpretentious in care. For growing burnet, it is better to select open corners, where nutritious, drained and moist soil with an admixture of humus prevails, devoid of swampiness and alkalinity.
The main care for burnet is regular watering. In the natural environment, the plant chooses wet coastal regions for habitation. Drought damages crops, so you will have to frequently irrigate the soil. In addition, the flower suffers from a lack of feeding. It is better to use mineral formulations that are applied after the thaw begins. Re-feeding is done several times during the season. Diluted mineral granules and organic additives are poured under the roots.
The substrate needs loosening, getting rid of weeds, otherwise a crust will form on the surface of the site. The tallest species of burnet tend to bend under the weight of the fluffy peduncles, so there is a possibility of damage to the stems in case of strong gusts of wind. The flower must be tied up and try to be placed near other shrubs. Burnet grows easily through self-seeding. It is possible to stop the uncontrolled spread of seeds by trimming wilting spikelets. Most of the perennial species are resistant to low temperatures and can withstand wintering even in the northern regions.
Burnet is practically not exposed to diseases or attacks of pests. Traces of a mosaic pattern or spotting on the blades indicate infection. Sick specimens will have to be removed, and the plant should be sprayed with fungicidal preparations. Insects often find themselves on a flower with a number of growing plants. They are destroyed with chemical insecticides.
Types and varieties of burnet with a photo
Burnet has about two dozen species modifications. As cultural gardeners, gardeners choose certain names for breeding.
Burnet medicinal (Sanguisorba officinalis)
One of the rarest medicinal plants from the Rosaceae pedigree, classified as an endangered species. The flower is characterized by straight, tall stems. The rosette of leaves, which occupies a position near the roots, is formed from unpaired leaf blades. The lobes have jagged edges and an ovoid shape. The leaves are alternate on the stems. Purple or burgundy spikelets-inflorescences consist of small flowers, sitting tightly next to each other. The varieties of the medicinal burnet include: Pink Tanna and Tanna. As for the first variety, it is worth mentioning here the lush pink spikelets, heading down at the peak of flowering. The second variety is distinguished by its compactness and tough scarlet inflorescences.
Blunt Burnet (Sanguisorba obtusa)
Climbs the mountains and comes from Japan. The height of the bushes is no more than 1 m. Peduncles have beautiful lush peduncles, which at the time of flowering dissolve pink pistils. Branching of the stems is observed near the base. Gray-green leaves in the central part of the stem are feathery. The variety "Alba" is very popular, featuring fluffy snow-white "cats"
Menzies' Burnet (Sanguisorba menziesii)
This perennial is a bush of tall, even stems and a dense basal rosette of gray, pinnate leaf blades.The length of the peduncles can reach up to 1.2 m.During the flowering period, and this happens at the beginning of summer, the bushes are decorated with bright pink brushes, the size of which does not exceed 7 cm.
Alpine Burnet (Sanguisorba alpina)
The plant is of medium length. The stems are highly leafy. The leaves have a pronounced green tint and heart-shaped. Short inflorescences bloom in June, but elongate over time, forming lush, fragrant spikelets.
Burnet application
The tallest spreading bushes are best placed along garden paths or located near the house. Group plantings of burnet look no less attractive. The bushes, decorated with dense bright greenery, look very dignified even after flowering. The flowering period is long. Burnet varieties, in which long peduncles predominate, allow you to arrange an area behind the flower garden. As for the stunted types of burnet, they are planted on alpine hills.
Cereals, lilies, mountaineers, basilisk or meadowsweet can become neighbors with burnet. Dense thickets of a flower look especially beautiful at the beginning of autumn, since it is during this time period that the color of the foliage changes to orange shades. The decorativeness of the inflorescences is also preserved in the cut form, which explains the use of sanguisorbus in bouquet compositions.
In addition to external data, the burnet has found a cooking application, where fragrant green leaves of the flower are added to various cocktails, vegetable salads and fish dishes. Washed rhizomes are peeled and used boiled as a side dish for the main dish. Tea made from perennial leaves and roots is popular in Asian countries.
Burnet properties
The plant got such an unusual name due to its ability to stop bleeding and effectively cure vascular diseases. The most valuable are the roots of the burnet, which contain many active substances:
- organic acids;
- tannins;
- starch;
- ascorbic acid;
- sterols;
- paintings;
- essential oils;
- trace elements.
Medicinal raw materials are harvested at the end of summer after the completion of flowering at the stage of seed ripening. It is recommended to use the leaves and roots of only strong and healthy shrubs that have reached the age of five. After the roots have been removed from the soil, the soil is carefully shaken off and the required number of lateral roots is cut off, and the rest is placed back into the soil for further growth and development.
The harvested burnet roots are washed under running cold water and dried under a canopy, removing stem shoots. When the roots are half dry, they are cut into thin strips and dried in the oven. The temperature regime in ovens and ovens is set at 45 ° C, if the temperature is higher than the recommended one, the raw material will quickly turn black and lose useful substances. Dried roots should be stored in cloth or paper bags. Burnet raw material retains its medicinal properties for five years.
Healing properties
Burnet is an excellent hemostatic, astringent, antimicrobial, tonic, wound healing agent. Flower root medicines are suitable for both internal and external use.
Broths made from plant materials, burnet, drink 1 tsp. up to 5 times a day. They are even prescribed to infants to strengthen children's immunity, fight diarrhea and reduce intestinal motility. Lotions and compresses remove inflammatory lesions on the skin. Drinking herbal and flower tea made from sangvisorbus improves health in case of hemoptysis, tuberculosis, soothes headaches, relieves swelling of the gums and swelling.
For the preparation of alcoholic tincture, take 3 tbsp. dried roots, pour 1 tbsp. vodka and store the container in a dark place for about 20 days.It is enough to drink a few drops of the tincture a day to stabilize the menstrual cycle and prevent blood clots.
Contraindications
People who are prone to allergies, pregnant women and children need to handle burnet preparations carefully. The benefits of treatment will be only if the recommendations of doctors are followed and the correct dosage of drugs is used.
